What is Victim Blaming?

Victim blaming is any language or behaviour that implies (whether intentionally or unintentionally) that a person is partially or wholly responsible for abuse they have experienced. It can also make a victim feel ashamed of reporting or speaking out about their experience, and may discourage them from seeking support and justice for their trauma and harm.

The reason people engage in victim blaming is that they think it will help them feel safer, as it reinforces their belief that there are specific things they can do to avoid being harmed. This is often a comforting idea, but can have the opposite effect as it reduces people’s empathy for others. It can also make them unwilling to accept that other people may behave in harmful ways, and this lack of empathy can be exacerbated by a belief that we live in a world where we get what we deserve.

This belief can also be fueled by a desire to fit in with the dominant social norms of the time. In the case of rape and other forms of sexual assault, this can include the expectation that victims should be grateful to their attackers for ‘letting them have fun’ or for’making good use of’ them. This can result in victims feeling guilty and depressed about their experiences, and may lead to post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, health issues, or even suicide.

There are many reasons why people engage in victim blaming, but the most common is that it makes them feel safer. They may also believe that they can predict or pre-empt crime, and that it is their responsibility to protect themselves and others from harm. This is a very difficult task to achieve, and so it is understandable that people might seek reassurance in blaming victims for their actions, or trying to find other reasons why their traumatic experiences were inevitable.

When someone fails to do well in a test, it is very common for them to attribute their failure to internal characteristics such as laziness or intelligence. It is also very common for people to do this when they hear about a crime such as a murder, or a sexual assault. People may question what the victim could have done to prevent the crime, or find excuses for why it happened, such as wearing inappropriate clothing or being out alone late at night.

It is important that we, as professionals, challenge victim blaming in a way that is sensitive and respectful of the experiences of the survivors we work with. This is particularly important if they are members of minoritised groups such as LGBT+, children and adults with disabilities/learning and support needs or Black, Asian and other minority group communities.

It is not always possible to change the attitudes and beliefs of those who victim blame, but we can try to reassure them that what they have experienced is not their fault and that it is not acceptable for anyone to blame them. This can be difficult, especially if the person is someone you trust or respect, but it can also have the added benefit of helping them to realise that not everyone believes them and that they do not need to be alone in their experiences.

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Women’s Rights – What Does it Mean to Be a Woman?

Women are fundamentally different from men, in ways that can be both beautiful and a little ugly. They deserve to be treated with respect and dignity, just as all people do. This can be done with simple things like letting her know that you believe and value her opinions, or through chivalrous acts such as opening doors for her. It can also be done by being open and honest about your feelings. It is very hard for a woman to trust men who lie, even if those lies are intended to be helpful or kind.

It is important for women to have a partner who is willing to communicate about their feelings, both positive and negative. It is just as important for men to be willing to listen. Often times, women will reveal personal information that they would prefer to keep private in order to make the relationship feel safe and secure. This is a good thing, and it is a sign that she trusts you. It is important that you do not keep anything secret from her, but also be careful not to overstep your bounds and criticize her family members or other friends. It is a good idea to let her know in advance if you are going to share something that is significant to her.

Whether you are an active feminist or not, it is a good idea to have some basic knowledge about gender theory and how the human body works. This will help you to better understand the issues that affect women and how they might be able to address those issues in a way that is beneficial to all involved. It will also help you to be a more informed critic when watching documentaries or other forms of media that claim to speak for all women.

A good place to start is with a documentary such as Louis Theroux’s Transgender Kids, which presents the issue of gender identity with empathy and care while still being rigorous in its research. It can be difficult to understand the nuances of the subject matter, but it is well worth the time and effort to watch.

In the end, it is up to each individual woman to decide what it means for them to be a woman. This may change over time, but it is not for anyone else to define her or how she should be. If you have an opinion on this subject, please express it respectfully and without hostility. I, for one, am tired of being made to feel defensive by people who are trying to fit my ever-changing and growing relationship with my own gender into their archaic definitions of “womanhood.” There are many different ways to be a woman, and they all deserve to be able to have a life that is fulfilling and enjoyable. This is something that can only be achieved through a partnership that is mutually respectful and understanding.

Women’s Rights – A Non-Negotiable Human Right

In the years since the first lady’s speech, women have come a long way in fighting for their rights. The movement has shifted from being a fringe cause to a mainstream issue. Today, women’s rights are considered “non-negotiable” as a human right that should be prioritized by decent people everywhere, because it will ultimately benefit everyone.

The rights of women are being met in many ways across the world, but more work needs to be done. For example, women in developing countries are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS, and many are robbed of a healthy life due to unplanned pregnancies and child marriage. Women also face economic inequalities, including paying less than men for the same work, being restricted by laws to work in certain industries, and not having access to land ownership or inheritance. Many women are also forced to spend twice as much time on domestic work, which undermines their ability to earn a living. Harmful patriarchal traditions, like female genital mutilation and child marriage, rob women of their dignity.

When asked about the main obstacle to equal rights, 77% of Americans say that sexual harassment is a major barrier. Two-thirds say that differences in the expectations society holds for women and men are a major obstacle as well, while others cite lack of opportunity to work, family responsibilities, gender discrimination, or not having enough women in leadership positions.

Despite the challenges, most people believe that gender equality will eventually be achieved in their country. More than seven-in-ten in the Netherlands, India, and Mexico believe it will happen, while majorities in most Central and Eastern European nations and Russia think it will happen as well. And in the United States, 75% say that they are confident that women and men will have equal rights eventually.

When looking at the regional rankings, Sub-Saharan Africa improved the most in terms of legal rights for women, with five economies making significant progress. In particular, Gabon banned domestic violence, passed legislation against gender discrimination in the workplace, and lifted a law that required married women to obey their husbands. While the region still has room for improvement, it is encouraging that many governments are recognizing the value of empowering women and ensuring their full participation in society.

The High Cost of Gender Inequality in Earnings

Women and girls across the globe face significant obstacles to their economic empowerment, education, healthcare, and overall wellbeing. Achieving gender equality would not only benefit individuals, families, and communities, but it could also help countries reach their full development potential by reducing fertility and under-five mortality, accelerating the demographic dividend, and lowering rates of stunting and malnutrition. However, progress towards achieving gender equality is not without cost. A recent report, Unrealized Potential: The High Cost of Gender Inequality in Earnings, estimates that gender inequality costs households around the world a total of US$4.7 trillion.

The gender pay gap is a result of a complex combination of factors. Differences in educational attainment and occupation choice, as well as unequal treatment and discrimination, contribute to female segregation in the labour market. But even when these differences are controlled for, the gender pay gap remains persistent and widens with age. In particular, mothers are less likely to be in the labor force and tend to work fewer hours when employed, which reduces their earning potential. Fathers, on the other hand, are more likely to be in the labor force and work longer hours when employed — a phenomenon known as the “fatherhood wage premium.”

Gender inequality also affects the distribution of household wealth. In low- and middle-income countries, where wealth inequality is highest, men own more assets than women. This is partly due to a culture of masculinity that promotes male-dominated lifestyles, including devaluing women’s roles and contributions at home, as described in Wendell Berry’s 1973 book The Unsettling of America: Culture and Agriculture. But it is also because of unequal access to finance and credit, which disproportionately affects poorer women.

The chart below shows the proportion of men and women who belong to the top 10%, 1%, and 0.1% of income groups in different countries. It is based on data from the OECD and can be updated by using the “add country” function.

As the chart shows, women all over the world are under-represented in the top 10%, and even within the top 1%, they remain significantly under-represented. However, while women are under-represented in the upper echelons of the earnings distribution, they are overrepresented in low-pay jobs.

Consequently, women are more likely to experience economic insecurity and be subject to a wide range of other negative psychological effects, such as lower self-esteem and feelings of social disgrace. This may explain why so many people, particularly men, are motivated to act in solidarity with women to promote gender equality — as this satisfies their moral obligation to support their fellow citizens and demonstrates that they are not complicit in the injustice of gender inequality. This moral obligation to act in solidarity can be understood through the theory of relative deprivation, which states that individuals are compelled to act in solidarity with members of their group if they believe they are worse off compared to the rest of the population (Leach et al., 2019).

Causes and Effects of Sexual Violence

Sexual violence is a sex act completed or attempted against the victim’s will, or when a person is not able to give consent (physically, emotionally or psychologically). It may involve actual or threatened physical force, use of guns or other weapons, coercion, intimidation and pressure. It also includes touching of the genitals, anus or groin against a person’s will or when they are unable to consent. Sexual violence affects individuals, families and communities. It can cause trauma, disbelief and a loss of sense of safety and trust. It can lead to depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health issues for survivors. It can also impact self-esteem, body image and relationships. It can also have economic impacts in addition to the cost of medical, police and judicial services. It is estimated that each rape costs $5,100 in tangible losses and $81,400 in lost quality of life (Center for Disease Control and Prevention).

Sexual assaults and rape are most often committed by someone the victim knows, like a friend, family member or intimate partner. This type of violence is known as acquaintance rape or a non-consensual sexual assault. It is a violent display of power and often happens when there are inequalities such as money, age or experience. It can also happen when a person feels powerless and has few or no choices in a relationship, especially when they are drunk or on drugs.

It is also common for rape to occur in the context of war or conflict. It is often a weapon used to demoralize or punish the enemy, and it can be used in revenge for previous attacks. It may also be used to control women in a culture that has patriarchal gender roles and sex norms.

In armed conflict, sexual violence is usually part of a wider pattern of abuse and violations of human rights including war crimes. This is particularly true for rape, which is almost always a crime against humanity.

The ICRC addresses the causes and effects of sexual violence through its programs which include protection, assistance, awareness-raising and prevention. In countries where it works, these are complemented by community development and advocacy activities.

Individuals can take steps to help prevent sexual violence. One way is to practice safe sex and learn about healthy relationships and boundaries. Another way is to keep a home well-lit and to be vigilant when answering the door or using public transportation alone. Check the identification of service workers and sales people before allowing them into the house. Keep windows and doors locked, especially at night. If you think that a friend, family member or partner might be abusing them, encourage them to seek help in a judgement-free and compassionate space. This might include calling a hotline, talking to their doctor about reporting the abuse or obtaining PEP, a medication that can reduce the risk of getting HIV if exposed.

There is no excuse for sexual violence, even if the victim was drunk or on drugs. No one deserves to be abused.

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Victim Blaming

Victim blaming is when someone believes that a victim of a crime or traumatic experience is partly or entirely to blame for what happened. This belief can be made by people of all ages and backgrounds, but it’s more common when people are highly critical or lack empathy towards others. People can also hold victim blaming beliefs without even realising that they do so, especially if they’re struggling with mental health issues or a history of trauma themselves. For example, it’s not uncommon for victims to be blaming themselves for their sexual assault or domestic abuse, which can be very damaging to their wellbeing and confidence in their own abilities.

A major problem with victim blaming is that it makes it harder for victims to come forward with their stories, and can make them feel ashamed or guilty about what happened to them. It can also reinforce predator-like behaviour and allow perpetrators to escape punishment by blaming the victim for what they have done.

It’s important to remember that when a person is victim blaming someone, it is based on a set of values and beliefs about how the world works. Studies have shown that people with more individualistic values are more likely to blame victims, while those with more binding values are more likely to protect others’ well-being. These values can be influenced by a person’s background, culture and upbringing too. Intersectional identities such as being LGBTQ+ or being a Black, Asian or minorityitised ethnic person can also contribute to the prevalence of victim blaming attitudes and harmful stereotypes, as they may be more prone to un/conscious biases.

The root causes of victim blaming are complex and multifaceted, but some of the main ones include an unwillingness to believe that good, wholesome people can be victims of violent crimes and cruelty, a desire to avoid feeling uncomfortable or anxious about emotional situations, and a general lack of empathy for others. Studies have found that people with more empathy tend to be less likely to derogate victims, and a simple prompt to empathise with a victim can help reduce the likelihood of victim blaming.

Survivors can face victim blaming from family, friends, neighbours and strangers alike. It’s particularly damaging when it comes from those close to them, such as their abusers or people in their abusers’ social circle. It’s also a common tactic used by abusers to isolate and control their victims, and can often lead to feelings of shame, guilt and isolation for survivors, and may cause them to hide their experiences from the outside world.

There are many ways that we can all help to end victim blaming. This can be by adjusting our own mindsets, using accountable language to hold perpetrators responsible for their actions, and supporting and guiding survivors toward safe support systems. For professionals, it is recommended that we take the opportunity to practice and champion anti-victim blaming language and behaviours where possible. The following guidance for professionals offers advice on best practice in this area.

How to Make Women Feel Respected

Women want to be treated with respect. They deserve it in every relationship and in their interactions with all men. Women do not tolerate disrespect and they will leave a man who treats them that way for good. It does not take much to make a woman feel respected and it is very easy to do so in a way that is meaningful to her.

For example, a woman may have a unique philosophical notion that you disagree with but you should never denigrate her for it. Instead, you should listen to her and try to understand why she feels that way because you may come to realize that she is correct. In the workplace, women create a feeling of togetherness that is important to the success of any business. Women also help businesses to be more creative by bringing diverse viewpoints to the table.

While many people think of women as the weaker sex, it is far from true. In fact, women have several health advantages over men. They are healthier and live longer on average than men. They are also better equipped to handle stress and recover from illness.

They are more apt to explore their artistic side and have a greater interest in creativity. This carries over into their professional lives and helps them to be better problem solvers at work. Women are also more apt to communicate well with others and share their ideas with coworkers.

A woman wants to know that she is a valued part of your life and that you care for her. This is why it is so important to treat her with respect in every relationship and interaction that you have with her. This means recognizing her accomplishments, listening to her thoughts and feelings and respecting her opinion.

Women also want to know that they can count on you in a crisis. This is why it is so important to be there for her when she needs you. This may mean reassuring her of your love, offering to help her with a problem or simply being present with her during a difficult time.

Finally, women want to be loved and appreciated for who they are on the inside, not their physical features or gender. This is why it is so important to always show a woman that you love her for who she is. This includes noticing her interests and hobbies, remembering her birthday or anniversary and acknowledging holidays like Christmas and Valentine’s Day.

It is also important to show a woman that you appreciate her by giving her gifts and showing that you are thinking of her often. This can be as simple as a bouquet of flowers on a special date or sending her a card saying you are thinking of her. These small gestures go a long way in making her feel valued and loved.

Women’s Rights – A Global Ethical Imperative

Many people around the world see equal rights for women as an unquestionable ethical imperative. When women are empowered, communities and economies flourish. In addition, addressing the most urgent gender justice issues, such as violence against women, female genital mutilation, preventable maternal deaths and unmet need for contraception, is the best way to achieve a more sustainable planet for humans and other species.

In our global survey, about eight-in-ten adults — across age, income and partisanship — say it is very important that women have the same rights as men in their country. And more than nine-in-ten Democrats and those who lean Democratic say this is very important. Only 3% of Republicans and Republican leaners say women’s equality is not very or not at all important.

Most people agree that women have made progress in achieving their rights, but there are still a lot of unfinished work. In fact, in a few countries that ratify the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), women’s rights are backsliding.

As recently as 2000, women could not obtain passports as easily as men; they were allowed to work night shifts only in a quarter of countries; and they had fewer legal protections against domestic violence and sexual exploitation. These gaps are shrinking – but progress is uneven.

In a wide range of countries, majorities or pluralities of people think women are more likely than men to have experienced physical and/or sexual assault in their lifetime. They are also more likely to have experienced domestic or family violence. And in war zones, women and girls are especially vulnerable to sexual assault or rape by soldiers and militias.

A majority of those surveyed say it is very important to protect women’s rights, and about half specifically mention equal pay and no discrimination in hiring or promotion as something they would expect to see in a society where there are gender-equal rights. When asked about the most important milestones in advancing women’s rights, those with the highest levels of education point to women getting the right to vote and gaining legal status as citizens, while those with the lowest level of education cite more recent developments such as legislation on violence against women and better access to health services like birth control.

When we run a more formal regression analysis that accounts for factors such as religion, time and other economic drivers, it turns out that economic drivers, particularly female labour force participation, total fertility rates and per-capita GDP, are the strongest predictors of women’s rights. But the results show that non-economic factors such as religion can dampen the positive effect of these economic channels. This is why a global, holistic approach is needed. Only when women and girls have full economic, social, political and cultural empowerment will true equality be realized. Until then, we need to redouble our efforts to ensure that all nations and peoples are fully accountable for upholding women’s rights.