Women’s Rights – What Are Women’s Rights and How Can We Achieve Them?

Women rights include their right to live freely, to be treated with dignity, to be fully informed about their health and to participate in politics and economic decisions. Women and girls make up half the world’s population – they deserve to have their voice heard and their needs taken into account. Equal rights are more than a matter of fairness: they lead to better educational and employment opportunities, higher incomes and poverty reduction. Gender inequality in any form is harmful to society and human development.

The fight for women’s rights began in the late 1700s, when free-thinking men and women like Mary Wollstonecraft campaigned for people to have the same rights as each other. They were fighting to allow women to be educated, work outside the home and vote in elections. At the time, it was still considered scandalous to have a woman study in university or take on a full-time job. It was also still taboo for women to have abortions and to use birth control to regulate their fertility. However, the women’s movement was eventually able to push back against the restrictive laws and norms imposed upon them.

As the sex rights movement gained momentum, more and more countries began to abolish restrictive traditions. For example, child marriage was banned in most European countries after the end of WWII and the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women was ratified by 193 nations.

Yet, in many countries, the fight for women’s rights continues to be a difficult one. One of the main barriers to equality is the lack of financial resources needed to support a family and enable women to be active participants in their communities. In addition, countries may still have sexist policies that restrict women’s access to jobs, income, and property ownership.

In order to overcome these obstacles, medica mondiale focuses on promoting gender equality and providing information about rights, as well as empowering women and communities through training and advocacy. Gender equality in society has never been more important, as women can be a catalyst for positive change and are a powerful force to eradicate global poverty.

Achieving equality for women and girls is a prerequisite for peace and sustainable development. As a result, we must tackle patriarchal ways of thinking and standards that systematically disadvantage women.

The most effective strategy to achieve equal rights for women is through a combination of policy channels, such as legal reforms, increasing women’s participation in the workforce, and raising awareness about sexual rights. This will allow women to gain a stronger voice in their communities and be able to influence the decision-making processes.

To ensure women have the ability to earn their own money, it is crucial to reduce barriers to employment such as allowing married women to work and introducing paid parental leave. In addition, promoting legal frameworks that guarantee women property and inheritance rights can help to increase the number of women who own their own houses and businesses.

Panduan Lengkap Menjadi Pengguna Cerdas di Dunia Judi Bola: Dari Daftar SBOBET hingga Taruhan Online

Di era digital saat ini, judi bola menjadi salah satu aktivitas hiburan yang semakin populer di kalangan masyarakat. Dengan berbagai pilihan situs dan platform yang ada, seperti SBOBET, banyak orang mulai tertarik untuk menjajal keberuntungan mereka dalam taruhan olahraga ini. Namun, menjadi pengguna cerdas di dunia judi bola bukanlah hal yang mudah. Diperlukan pengetahuan yang tepat dan strategi yang baik agar bisa meraih kemenangan sekaligus menikmati pengalaman berjudi dengan aman.

SBOBET merupakan salah satu situs judi bola terkemuka yang menawarkan berbagai jenis taruhan serta opsi yang menguntungkan. Mulai dari pendaftaran hingga memahami berbagai jenis taruhan yang tersedia, pamahaman yang mendalam tentang layanan yang ditawarkan SBOBET sangat penting. Dalam panduan ini, kami akan membahas dari cara daftar SBOBET hingga tips untuk melakukan taruhan online dengan bijak, sehingga Anda dapat menjadi pengguna cerdas di dunia judi bola. Mari kita eksplor lebih lanjut tentang dunia judi bola dan bagaimana Anda bisa memanfaatkannya dengan bijaksana.

Mengapa Memilih SBOBET untuk Judi Bola

SBOBET adalah salah satu platform judi bola terkemuka di dunia. Dikenal karena reputasinya yang terpercaya, SBOBET menawarkan berbagai jenis taruhan yang menarik dan keuntungan bagi para pengguna. Dengan antarmuka yang ramah pengguna, situs ini memudahkan pemain untuk melakukan taruhan tanpa kesulitan, sehingga memberikan pengalaman yang menyenangkan saat mengejar prediksi pertandingan.

Salah satu keunggulan SBOBET adalah variasi pilihan taruhan yang ditawarkan. Pengguna dapat memilih dari berbagai liga dan pertandingan internasional, termasuk liga-liga besar seperti Premier League, La Liga, dan Serie A. Selain itu, SBOBET juga menyediakan opsi taruhan live, yang memungkinkan pemain untuk memasang taruhan saat pertandingan sedang berlangsung. Hal ini menambah dinamika dan ketegangan dalam pengalaman berjudi bola.

Keamanan dan kenyamanan juga menjadi prioritas utama di SBOBET. Platform ini dilengkapi dengan teknologi enkripsi canggih untuk melindungi data pribadi dan transaksi keuangan pengguna. Selain itu, ada layanan pelanggan yang responsif dan profesional, siap membantu pengguna kapan saja. Dengan semua fitur ini, tidak heran jika SBOBET menjadi pilihan utama bagi para penggemar judi bola di seluruh dunia.

Panduan Daftar dan Login di SBOBET

Untuk memulai pengalaman judi bola Anda di SBOBET, langkah pertama adalah melakukan pendaftaran. Anda perlu mengunjungi situs resmi SBOBET dan menemukan opsi pendaftaran. Isilah formulir pendaftaran dengan informasi yang diperlukan, seperti nama, alamat email, dan nomor telepon. Pastikan bahwa semua data yang Anda masukkan adalah akurat, karena ini akan digunakan untuk verifikasi akun Anda. Setelah mengisi semua kolom yang diperlukan, Anda bisa mengklik tombol “Daftar” untuk mengirimkan formulir.

Setelah menyelesaikan pendaftaran, langkah berikutnya adalah melakukan login ke akun SBOBET Anda. Kunjungi halaman login yang terdapat di situs SBOBET. Masukkan nama pengguna dan kata sandi yang telah Anda buat saat mendaftar. Jika Anda telah melakukan semuanya dengan benar, Anda akan diarahkan ke halaman utama akun Anda. Jika tidak, pastikan untuk memeriksa kembali detail yang Anda masukkan, terutama kata sandi yang mungkin terlewatkan atau salah ketik. sbobet88

Jika Anda mengalami kesulitan saat login, SBOBET menyediakan fitur pemulihan kata sandi. Anda dapat menemukan opsi ini di halaman login. Dengan mengikuti petunjuk yang diberikan, Anda dapat mengatur ulang kata sandi Anda dan mengakses kembali akun. Pastikan untuk menjaga informasi akun Anda tetap aman agar pengalaman judi bola Anda di SBOBET berjalan lancar dan menyenangkan.

Strategi Cerdas untuk Taruhan Bola Online

Dalam dunia judi bola, strategi yang tepat sangat penting untuk meningkatkan peluang Anda meraih kemenangan. Pertama, Anda perlu melakukan analisis mendalam terhadap tim yang akan bertanding. Perhatikan statistik seperti performa tim di pertandingan terakhir, kondisi pemain, dan rekam jejak head-to-head antara kedua tim. Dengan informasi ini, Anda dapat membuat keputusan yang lebih baik tentang taruhan yang akan diambil, apakah itu melalui agen sbobet atau situs judi bola terpercaya lainnya.

Selain analisis tim, penting juga untuk memahami berbagai jenis taruhan yang tersedia. Taruhan langsung, taruhan handicap, dan over/under adalah beberapa jenis yang bisa Anda pilih. Memahami kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing jenis taruhan akan membantu Anda dalam merencanakan strategi judi bola online yang lebih efektif. Jangan ragu untuk menggunakan platform seperti sbobet mobile atau sbobet wap untuk memantau perkembangan pertandingan secara real-time dan menyesuaikan taruhan Anda jika diperlukan.

Terakhir, kelola bankroll Anda dengan bijak. Tentukan batas taruhan yang masuk akal berdasarkan keuangan Anda dan patuhi aturan tersebut. Menghindari emosi saat bertaruh juga krusial; tetap tenang dan profesional dalam setiap keputusan yang diambil. Dengan menerapkan strategi-strategi ini, Anda bisa menjadi pengguna cerdas di dunia judi bola dan meningkatkan peluang sukses Anda dalam taruhan bola online.

Gender Inequality and Gender Gaps

As the world grapples with climate change, inequality, and economic development, there is growing recognition of the need to make greater efforts to address gender inequality. Across the globe, women are often disadvantaged in terms of health, education, and economic participation. They are more likely to live in poverty and are more affected by armed conflict, disasters, and climate change. They are outnumbered by men in parliaments, and they are less represented in the highest levels of government.

As a result, the policies that we adopt and implement have great potential to reduce these inequalities. But the design of policy interventions is key. There is a wealth of evidence that gender inequality and gender gaps are influenced by many different factors, including gender bias, social norms, and structural conditions, so any policies designed to eliminate these inequalities need to take into account these influences.

The current focus of policy interventions varies by country, ranging from more focused attention on female tertiary enrollment and labor force participation to more subtle and implicit measures such as the quality of education, field of study, and employment, as well as the distribution of job sectors and pay. In these cases, targeted gender policies have the potential to be more effective than general ones. However, it is important to understand the tradeoffs between these approaches and research needs to continue to explore the pros and cons of each.

In addition to the direct impact on women and girls, the broader effects of reducing gender inequality are substantial. It is estimated that reducing gender gaps will boost household consumption and investment by about 1 percent globally, which would translate into additional economic growth of about 1.5 to 2 percent per year.

Moreover, lower gender inequality will generate substantial macroeconomic benefits in the form of stronger economic growth and financial stability, increased jobs and income, and reduced income inequality (Kochhar and others, 2017; Sahay and others, 2015; Gonzales and Cihak, 2020). The economic costs of inequalities between men and women are significant.

Gender equality is essential for the economic and social welfare of people everywhere. The goal should be to achieve gender equality as quickly as possible, while minimizing the costs and distortions of doing so.

One misstep that is common in this area is treating women as a monolithic group with similar experiences and expectations, which can lead to the assumption that interventions will have universal impact. However, women’s experiences and needs vary by many different dimensions, from their intersectional identities to their age, location, and level of socioeconomic advancement.

The next step is to work together to create a more equitable society for all, especially for the benefit of children and the economy. This can be done by understanding the current state of gender inequality, identifying key gaps and opportunities for improvement, and taking action to tackle them with the right mix of policies and interventions. The global progress that has been made in closing the gap is reason for hope, but more work remains to be done.

Ending Sexual Violence

Sexual violence is any unwanted behaviour of a sexual nature and can happen to anyone, at any time and in any setting. It can be a physical assault, rape or a sexual act committed without consent. Sexual violence can cause serious, long term harm including physical and mental health problems, relationship difficulties and depression. People who are living with disability, poverty or other challenges are at increased risk of sexual violence. Women, girls and gender-diverse people experience sexual violence more often than others.

Survivors of sexual violence experience many emotional responses including feelings of shame and guilt. They may find it difficult to express their emotions and are likely to be blaming themselves for the attack. This is particularly common for survivors who are abused by someone close to them. They may feel they should have known better or could have prevented the abuse from happening. They can also blame themselves for being weak or too sensitive or for attracting the attacker in the first place. They may have difficulty trusting other people or finding a new partner. Some survivors develop eating disturbances, sleep disturbances and physical symptoms related to the areas of their body that were assaulted. Survivors have also been known to engage in self-injury as a way of feeling more alive and experiencing intense physical sensations.

It is important to remember that the perpetrator is responsible for sexual violence. Perpetrators are motivated by a range of factors such as the desire to dominate, control and humiliate their victims, sexual fantasies and a sense of entitlement. They are likely to use alcohol and other drugs to de-sensitize them and increase their aggression. Gender-based stereotypes in society which focus on the inequality of men and women can further encourage perpetrators to treat females as inferior.

In patriarchal cultures, any resistance by a woman victim to the actions of a man can be perceived as an insult to his ‘manhood’ prompting him to further impose his will. Similarly, the sexual exploitation of children can be motivated by parental pressure or an adolescent’s desire to please their peers. It is vital to educate children about sexual consent and sex education so they are not vulnerable to being victimized.

Everyone can play a role in ending sexual violence. Educate yourself and others about sexual violence and the impacts it can have on victims, especially the impact on their mental and physical health. Challenge images of sexual violence in advertising, pornography and professional wrestling and speak out against sexist language and attitudes. Support the work of organisations that are working to end sexual violence by volunteering, donating and lobbying politicians. Sexual violence affects everyone, regardless of age, gender, culture or religion, but it is important to recognise that some groups are at greater risk. It is important to recognise that it is never acceptable for a person to be subjected to sexual violence or assault, no matter how the abuse is justified.

Victim Blaming

When crime or a traumatic event occurs, it’s not just the victim who suffers. Victim blaming is also a prevalent reaction to these events that can be damaging for victims and their loved ones. It’s a pervasive problem that can prevent victims from getting the help they need and it can even discourage survivors from reporting their crimes to authorities.

Victim blaming is the act of questioning what a victim could have done to prevent a crime from happening, suggesting that it was the fault of the victim rather than the perpetrator. This practice is not just a problem in cases of rape, sexual assault and murder, but it can be seen as well in cases involving theft or robbery. When people victim blame, they may ask things like, “What was she wearing that night?” or “Why did she leave her purse unattended?”

People who are guilty of victim blaming often do not realize that they are doing it. They may be influenced by their cultural background, their upbringing or their beliefs. The reason behind it is that some people are unable to reconcile the idea that the world is a fair place with the reality of random acts of violence or injustice. In those instances, victim blaming can be a way for them to maintain their belief that the world is just and avoid feeling guilt or shame over their own misfortune.

The good news is that there are steps we can take to minimize victim blaming. For instance, a study published this summer in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin found that certain personality traits are associated with being more likely to engage in victim blaming. Specifically, those who scored highly on a measure of “everyday sadism,” or being more inclined to experience negative emotions over events in their daily life such as illness and injury, were more likely to be victim blamers. This suggests that there is a group of people who are more likely to participate in victim blaming and possibly get a kick out of it.

As a general rule, victim blaming is most common when the topic at hand is something that is controversial or morally ambiguous. For example, a discussion of a case that is being debated in the courtroom or a debate over whether or not someone should be allowed to carry a gun are more likely to be victim blaming conversations. It is important to be aware of this phenomenon so that you can challenge any blame-based comments or questions when they are brought up.

Most importantly, if you know a survivor of abuse or assault, be sure to let them know that what happened to them was not their fault and that they are not at fault for a crime that was committed against them. It’s also essential to listen to them and let them tell their story without judgement. Having the support of friends and family is one of the most valuable things a victim can have.

What Makes a Woman a Woman?

Women are a vital part of every society and are a main contributor to the success of every country. However, they are often misunderstood and their role is not recognized. Women are the heart of the family and they sacrifice their lives for the well being of their loved ones, especially children. They are also responsible for household chores and are the backbone of the home, as they cook, clean, and take care of other family members. Women also work outside of the house for wages or in their own businesses. They are hard working and dedicated to their jobs. Women are intelligent and can easily handle anything.

Throughout the world, women are disproportionately targeted for infanticide, a practice which can reach epidemic levels in countries that enforce population controls. They are also disproportionately discriminated against in the workplace, in school, and in public life. Women are also the most vulnerable to sexual violence and the majority of victims of trafficking, domestic abuse, and other forms of human rights abuses.

While there are some good things about being a woman (such as seven years longer on average and a higher chance of surviving melanoma), it is also challenging. In a world where men can identify as women and transgender people exist, it is increasingly difficult to define what makes someone a woman. Is it merely a culturally determined set of female traits or some nebulous approximation of femininity? These definitions are often seen as essentialist and reductive.

It is difficult to imagine any society without women in it. Historically, the central role of women has ensured the stability, progress and long-term development of nations. It is a fact that the successful future of every society depends on ensuring women’s freedom and rights.

The status of women in the world has improved in recent times but it is still not as good as it should be. In the world of politics, women are more likely to support legislation promoting women’s rights. They are more likely to be involved in the community, and they tend to have a stronger sense of responsibility for the welfare of others.

The most important thing to remember is that no one can tell you what a woman is, because there are as many ways of being a woman as there are women. You can try to fit yourself into a narrow definition of what it means to be a woman, but that will only limit you and make you feel frustrated and confused. You should accept that you are a woman, in whatever form that takes for you, and let the joy of being a woman shine through. The world needs more of that.

Rahasia Angka: Prediksi dan Bocoran Togel Macau Hari Ini yang Tidak Boleh Anda Lewatkan!

Dalam dunia perjudian, angka memiliki makna yang lebih dalam daripada sekadar angka biasa. Di antara berbagai jenis permainan, togel Macau telah menjadi salah satu yang paling menarik perhatian para pemain. Setiap harinya, banyak yang mencari prediksi dan bocoran terbaru untuk meningkatkan peluang kemenangan mereka. Hari ini, kami akan membahas berbagai informasi penting yang mungkin menjadi kunci keberhasilan Anda dalam permainan ini.

Melalui analisis mendalam dan pengalaman bermain, kami menyajikan prediksi Macau dan bocoran dari sumber terpercaya. Dari angka main yang dapat dipertimbangkan hingga syair yang mungkin memberikan inspirasi, semua informasi ini dirangkum untuk membantu Anda mendapatkan hasil terbaik. Mari kita eksplorasi secara lebih dalam tentang prediksi togel Macau hari ini dan manfaatkan data serta paito yang ada untuk membuat keputusan yang cerdas dan terencana.

Prediksi Angka Macau Hari Ini

Dalam dunia togel, prediksi angka menjadi salah satu bagian yang sangat penting untuk meningkatkan peluang menang. Banyak pemain togel di Macau yang mencari angka-angka jitu untuk dipasang. Hari ini, ada beberapa angka yang diprediksi akan memberikan hasil yang menguntungkan berdasarkan pola keluaran sebelumnya dan analisis statistik. Angka-angka ini diperoleh melalui berbagai metode, mulai dari pengamatan data hingga syair yang sering digunakan oleh pemain berpengalaman.

Tidak hanya itu, bocoran angka dari sumber-sumber terpercaya juga menjadi daya tarik tersendiri bagi para pemain. Bocoran ini sering kali didasarkan pada informasi dari pihak yang memiliki pengalaman di bidang togel Macau. Dengan memperhatikan bocoran ini, pemain diharapkan dapat menambah wawasan dan strategi dalam menentukan angka yang akan mereka pasang. Maka, bagi Anda yang ingin mencoba peruntungan hari ini, penting untuk mencatat angka-angka yang direkomendasikan. paito macau

Selain itu, penggunaan paito Macau dapat membantu dalam memahami tren keluaran angka. Paito menunjukkan angka-angka yang sering keluar dan juga yang jarang muncul. Dengan memanfaatkan informasi dari paito dan menggabungkannya dengan prediksi yang ada, Anda dapat meningkatkan kemungkinan untuk meraih kemenangan. Selamat mencoba dan semoga angka-angka yang Anda pilih hari ini membawa keberuntungan!

Bocoran Togel dan Syair

Bocoran togel adalah informasi yang sangat dicari oleh para pemain untuk meningkatkan peluang mereka dalam memenangkan permainan. Dalam konteks Togel Macau, berbagai sumber sering kali menawarkan angka-angka yang dianggap memiliki peluang besar untuk keluar. Pengalaman dan analisis data sebelumnya menjadi kunci dalam menentukan bocoran yang akurat. Dengan mengetahui pola dan tren keluaran sebelumnya, pemain bisa mendapatkan arah yang lebih baik dalam memilih angka.

Selain bocoran angka, syair juga menjadi salah satu cara populer dalam meramalkan hasil Togel. Syair mengandung makna simbolis dan sering kali merujuk pada kejadian yang dialami sehari-hari. Pemain percaya bahwa ada hubungan antara kecocokan syair dengan angka yang akan keluar. Menggunakan syair sebagai pedoman dalam prediksi togel membuat pengalaman bermain menjadi lebih menarik dan penuh harapan.

Paito juga menjadi referensi penting bagi para pemain Togel Macau. Paito menyajikan data lengkap keluaran sebelumnya yang bisa dianalisis untuk menemukan pola yang baik. Dengan mempelajari paito, pemain bisa mengekstrak informasi yang berguna untuk membuat prediksi lebih tepat dan percaya diri. Menggabungkan semua elemen ini, mulai dari bocoran, syair, hingga paito, adalah langkah strategis untuk meraih kemenangan dalam permainan Togel Macau.

Paito dan Angka Main Togel

Dalam dunia togel, paito adalah alat penting yang digunakan para pemain untuk menganalisis data keluaran sebelumnya. Paito menyajikan informasi mengenai nomor-nomor yang sudah keluar dalam periode tertentu, sehingga pemain bisa lebih mudah mencari pola atau kecenderungan angka yang mungkin muncul. Dengan memahami paito, pemain bisa meningkatkan peluang mereka dalam menebak angka yang tepat.

Angka main adalah nomor-nomor pilihan yang biasanya dimainkan oleh para penjudi. Pemilihan angka main sering kali didasarkan pada berbagai sumber, seperti mimpi, ramalan, atau bahkan analisis dari paito. Meskipun tidak ada jaminan, memasukkan angka main dengan dasar yang kuat bisa memberikan kepercayaan diri lebih bagi pemain ketika memasang taruhan.

Bagi Anda yang sedang mencari bocoran atau prediksi togel Macau hari ini, pastikan untuk menggabungkan informasi dari paito dengan angka main pilihan Anda. Dengan strategi ini, Anda memiliki kesempatan lebih baik untuk meraih kemenangan dalam permainan togel Macau. Selalu ingat untuk bermain dengan bijak dan tidak hanya bergantung pada keberuntungan semata.

Amnesty International and Women’s Rights International – Fighting For Women’s Rights

The world will not be free or equal until women have full access to their rights — from the right to vote and own property to protection from violence, education and medical care. Only then can women fully take on leadership roles, participate in peacemaking and have a voice in decision-making.

Twenty years ago, global women’s leaders agreed on an action plan to guarantee these rights. But a lot of progress needs to be made.

In countries where women are well represented in parliaments, laws that protect their rights are passed more often than those that don’t. Women are more likely to be elected mayors and senators, and their presence in government can reduce corruption, bolster economic growth and increase civic participation. They are also more likely to tackle climate change and make sure that the voices of women and girls are heard.

While there have been advances, many women still face obstacles to their basic human rights, from pay inequality to restrictions on abortion rights and other reproductive choices. These problems are caused by harmful patriarchal traditions and the unequal distribution of power between men and women. Unless governments and societies change these attitudes, the goal of achieving gender equality will not be reached in our lifetimes.

To fight for the rights of all people, defenders of women’s rights need to have support from the governments of the countries they are working in. This is why we advocate for the adoption of an international bill of rights, similar to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, called the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). It would set standards for countries to uphold women’s rights, including a requirement that states protect them from violence and discrimination. Currently, more than 180 countries have ratified it.

Women must be able to decide for themselves how many children they want to have, and when. Having the choice to decide when and whether to have a child is important for women’s health, their well-being and that of their families. It is also a key component of the right to an adequate standard of living, as studies show that when women are economically empowered they can provide better healthcare and nutrition for their families.

We need to work to change laws that restrict women’s freedoms, such as those that prohibit abortion. Amnesty International has lobbied alongside activists in countries like Argentina and Ireland to successfully change restrictive abortion laws. And we need to keep up the pressure, including against the US, which has regressed on this issue.

As we celebrate the achievements of the last half-century, let’s not lose sight of what is needed for the next 20 years. Gender equality is not only an essential human right, it is also a powerful tool for transforming the world and unlocking its full potential. Only when women’s rights are fully realised can we ensure peaceful societies and sustainable development. And that will only happen if we continue to stand up for women’s rights.

Gender Inequality in OECD Countries

Gender inequality refers to the differences between men and women in economic opportunity and outcomes, including earnings, education, health, and wealth. The gap between male and female incomes is the best known measure of gender inequality. While considerable progress has been made in reducing these gaps, recent trends show that they have stagnated or even reversed in many countries. This article explores the reasons for this trend and suggests policies that could address remaining gaps.

One of the key challenges in measuring and assessing gender equality is to separate out gender gaps from gender inequality. For example, in countries where the gender gap is due to preference/comparative advantage or simply a reflection of the fact that men and women have different abilities, closing such gaps would not imply any significant welfare loss (see Blau and Kahn, 2022).

However, when the gap reflects social norms and discrimination against women, reducing it will require specific policies with clear targets. For these policies to be effective, they need to change beliefs and attitudes. This can be done through educational programs, information campaigns, and legal reforms to ensure that equal rights are enforceable. These policies can have immediate effects, but they are difficult to implement and typically take time to produce results.

The following chart shows that the share of women in the top 10% and 1% of income earners in OECD countries has declined since 2000. The data can be adjusted by clicking on the options ‘Change country’ and ‘Add observations’.

While some progress has been made in increasing the number of women in leadership positions, the gap remains large in most countries. For example, only 26% of CEOs in OECD countries are women.

Even in high-income countries, there are substantial gaps. In the US, women make up just 20% of the population and less than half of all senior management jobs. This figure is lower still in many other countries.

Moreover, there are large gaps in access to education and in the labour market. For example, worldwide, twice as many girls as boys drop out of school by the time they reach adolescence. This is often because their families can’t afford to send them to college and many schools are poorly equipped to meet their needs, especially in low-income countries.

Finally, there are gaps in the distribution of household resources and control over them. For example, in most countries, women have fewer assets and are less likely to own businesses than men. This gap is larger in developing countries.

Overall, the evidence shows that the biggest gaps persist in countries with the highest levels of gender inequality and are linked to poor economic performance. For these reasons, addressing them is crucial for economic development and social justice. While there are no easy answers, policies can be designed to speed up the decline of existing gaps while addressing the root causes. This requires a combination of general and targeted policies with clear goals, well-designed implementation, and adequate monitoring to ensure that they have the desired impact.

The Impact of Sexual Violence

Sexual violence refers to any kind of sexual activity or act that takes place without consent, including child sexual abuse, rape and sexual assault. It can also include sexual harassment and inappropriate touching that makes someone feel uncomfortable. Sexual violence can happen to anyone, at any time. No-one deserves or asks for it to happen, and it’s never the victim’s fault.

Victims and survivors may experience different physical or psychological impacts depending on their individual circumstances, age, culture and how they were treated by the perpetrator(s). Sexual violence can affect all genders, children, people who define themselves as transgender or non-binary, women with disabilities and people living in remote areas.

Physical impacts can range from scarring, cuts and bruises to internal bleeding, sexually transmitted infections and injuries to the brain, head, heart, lungs or reproductive system. The impact on a survivor’s mental health and emotional wellbeing can be just as severe, and it is important to seek medical and psychological help if you think you or somebody else has experienced sexual violence.

A survivor can have a range of emotional responses to sexual violence, from feelings of anger and anxiety, to depression and self-blame. They can struggle to trust others and have difficulty maintaining relationships. They may withdraw from activities such as work and school, avoid socializing with friends or stop engaging in their hobbies. They can become irritable or easily agitated, have trouble sleeping and have somatic symptoms (such as stomach pains) related to the parts of their body affected by sexual violence.

Survivors of sexual violence can be impacted in many ways by the behaviour and attitudes of people around them, including their family and friends. This is known as secondary victimisation. Those closest to victims can be especially difficult to deal with as they often blame the survivor for what happened and/or try to trivialise their experiences. For example, they may deny that the abuse ever took place, minimise how bad it was or tell their friend that what happened wasn’t as serious as other traumatic events they have endured.

The impact of sexual violence can be widespread and last a lifetime. It can affect not just the victim but their family, friends and community, and society as a whole. This can have a direct impact on the economy as it reduces productivity and costs the taxpayer. It can also have a ripple effect on the wider community through health issues such as stress, depression, suicidal thoughts and chronic health problems (e.g., reproductive, gastrointestinal or cardiovascular).

It is estimated that about eight out of 10 sexual assaults involve someone known to the victim, such as an intimate partner or acquaintance. There are also a number of cases of stranger or ‘random’ sexual assaults. Various factors can influence how likely it is that an assault will take place, and the level of force used. This includes cultural differences in gender roles and permitted gender behaviors, which may lead to men from sexually conservative cultures misinterpreting women’s platonic behaviors as sexual interests.